Trigger Warning: domestic violence (spanking)
Fronto
Caesari.
1 Ut ego, di boni, consternatus sum lecto initio epistulae tuae! Quod
ita scriptum fuit, ut tuum aliquod valetudinis periculum significari
suspicarer. Postquam deinde illud periculum quod quasi tuum principio
litterarum tuarum acceperam filiae tuae Faustinae fuisse aperuisti, quantum
mihi permutatus est pavor! Nec permutatus modo, verum etiam nescio quo pacto
nonnihil sublevatus. Dicas licet: “Leviusne tibi visum est filiae meae
periculum quam meum? Tibine ita visum qui praefers Faustinam id tibi esse quod
lucem serenam, quod diem festum, quod spem propinquam, quod votum impetratum,
quod gaudium integrum, quod laudem nobilem nobilem atque incolumem?” Equidem
ego, quid mihi legenti litteras tuas subvenerit, scio; qua vero id ratione
evenerit nescio; nescio, inquam, cur magis ad tuum quam ad tuae filiae
periculum consternatus sim, nisi forte, tametsi paria sint, graviora tamen
videntur, quae ad aures prius accidunt. 2 Quae denique
hujusce rei ratio tu facilius scias, qui de natura et sensibus hominum scis
amplius aliquid meliusque didicisti. Ego, qui a meo magistro et parente
Athenodoto ad exempla et imagines quasdam rerum, quas ille εἰκόνας appellabat,
apte animo comprehendundas adcommodandasque mediocriter institutus sum, hanc
hujusce rei imaginem repperisse videor, cur meus translatus metus levior sit
mihi visus: Simile solere evenire onus grave umero gestantibus cum illud onus
in sinistrum ab dextro umero transtulere, quamquam nihil de pondere deminutum
sit, tamen ut oneris translatio videatur etiam et relevatio. 3 Nunc
quoniam postrema parte epistulae tuae qua meliuscule jam valere Faustinam
nuntiasti omnem mihi prosus metum ac sollicitudinem depulisti, non alienum
tempus videtur de meo adversus te amore remissius aliquid tecum et liberalius
fabulandi; nam ferme metu magno et pavore relevatis conceditur ludere aliquid
atque ineptire. Ego quanto opere te diligam non minus de gravibus et seriis
experimentis quam plerisque etiam frivolis sentio. Quae aut cujusmodi sint haec
frivola indicabo.
4 Si quando te “somno leni”, ut poeta ait, “placidoque revinctus” video
in somnis, numquam est quin amplectar et exosculer. Tum pro argumento cujusque
somni aut fleo ubertim aut exulto laetitia aliqua et voluptate. Hoc unum ex
Annalibus sumptum amoris mei argumentum poeticum et sane somniculosum. 5 Accipe
aliud, rixatorium jam hoc et jurgiosum. Nonnumquam ego te coram paucissimis ac
familiarissimis meis gravioribus verbis absentem insectatus sum: Olim hoc cum
tristior, quam par era,t in coetum hominum progrederere vel cum in theatro tu
libros vel in convivio lectitabas (nec ego dum tum theatris necdum conviviis
abstinebam), tum igitur ego te durum et intempestivum hominem, odiosum etiam
nonnumquam ira percitus appellabam. Quodsi quis alius eodem te convicio
audiente me detrectaret, aequo animo audire non poteram. Ita mihi facilius erat
ipsum loqui quam alios de te sequius quid dicere perpeti; ita ut Cratiam meam
filiam facilius ipse percusserim, quam ab alio percuti viderim. 6 Tertium
de meis frivoleis addam. Scis, ut in omnibus argentariis mensulis perguleis
taberneis protecteis vestibulis fenestris usquequaque, ubique imagines vestrae
sint volgo propositae, male illae quidem pictae pleraeque et crassa, lutea immo
Minerva fictae scalptaeve; cum interim numquam tua imago tam dissimilis ad
oculos meos in itinere accidit, ut non ex ore meo excusserit jactum osculei et
savium.
7 Nunc ut frivolis finem faciam et convertar ad serium, hae litterae
tuae cum primis indicio mihi fuerunt, quanto opere te diligam, cum magis
perturbatus sum ad tuum quam ad filiae tuae periculum: Cum alioqui te quidem
mihi, filiam vero tuam etiam tibi, ut par est, superstitem cupiam. Sed heus tu
videbis, ne delator existas neve indicio pareas apud filiam, quasi vero ego te
quam illam magis diligam. Nam periculum est, ne ea re filia tua commota, ut est
gravis et prisca femina, poscenti mihi manus et plantas ad saviandum ea causa
iratior subtrahat aut gravatius porrigat; cujus ego, dei boni, manus parvolas
plantasque illas pinguiculas tum libentius exosculabor, quam tuas cervices
regias tuumque os probum et facetum.
--Fronto, Ad Caes. IV.12
O gods! I was so upset reading
the beginning of your letter! The way you wrote it sounded like you had some
mysterious illness! But later, when you revealed that the illness was your
daughter Faustina’s, my panic shifted--not only shifted, but it lessened a
little bit.
And now you’ll say, “Do you think
my daughter’s dangerous illness is less important than mine? Doesn’t it seem so
to you, who thinks Faustina is a ray of sunshine, a weekend, a hope at hand, a
wish fulfilled, a wholesome joy, a noble and pure glory?”
And in turn, I don’t know why I felt
the way I did as I read your letter, I don’t know why I am more upset about the
thought of you getting ill than your daughter. But, I guess, even though they’re
supposedly of equal value, I think I am more upset about the news of your
illness because I heard about your illness first.
(2) You should know the reason
why this is so better than I would, since you know about human nature & psychology
and you are more learned about it than I am. I learned about this to the best
of my ability [humblebragging] from my magister & parent
Athenodotus, in examples & comparisons, which he called εἰκόνας. I guess I have an example,
why my fear seems alleviated [when transferred to your daughter’s health]: those
who are carrying a heavy load on one shoulder, when they shift the weight to
the other shoulder, it seems that the weight is lessened, even though it
remains the same. (3) And when finally, in the last bit of your letter when you
told me that Faustina’s health improved a little bit, I tossed away all of my
fear & concern, it seemed like an appropriate time for me drop a line to
let you know about my love for you, for once I have let go my great fear and
panic, I need to loosen up a bit and have a bit of fun. For I know how great I
care for you [diligam], not only in big, serious matters, but even more in frivolous ones. And
let me tell you about this kind of frivolity:
(4) Whenever I am “bound in light
and peaceful sleep,” [as the poet Ennius calls it], if I see you in my dreams,
I cannot resist to embrace or kiss you. Then, depending on the type of dream it
is, I either weep my eyes out or I revel in happiness and pleasure. This quote from
the Annals is a declaration of my love, albeit a poetic and dreamy one.
(5) Or, take another example, one
that is gossipy and begrudging. Sometimes I complain about you to others with fairly
strong words (but words out of love!) when you’re not around. Like the time you
were in a bad mood out in public, or when you had the nasty habit of reading
books in the theater or at dinner parties (back when I actually went to the theater and dinner
parties). I was mad, and called you an old fogey and a stick-in-the-mud. But if somebody
else called you that in my presence, it made me upset. And so it seems easier
to say it than to hear it said by another, just like I feel it’s easier to spank
my daughter Cratia than to see her hit by someone else.
(6) Alright, I’ll add a third instance.
You know that in the awning-covered shops and vestibules and windows and storefronts, there
are these mass-produced images of you (a lot of them are poorly made!). Yet
whenever your image meets my eyes, I can’t help but blow it a kiss.
(7) Ok, enough play: let me return to serious matters. Your letter reminded me how much I care [diligam] about
you, since I was more upset about your illness than your daughter’s. I hope you
get better for my sake, and I hope your daughter gets better, for your sake, as
well. But ack! See to it that you don’t rat me out to your daughter that I love
you more than her. She might get upset
(since she’s an old fashioned [prisca] gal), and she won’t give me her feet
& hands so I can kiss them, or she’ll only do it begrudgingly. And,
heavens!, I’ll kiss those little hands & chubby feet as lovingly as I kiss
your royal neck and your pleasant and serene face.
ENNIUS |
MAP: |
Name: Quintus Ennius Date: 239 – 169 BCE Works:
Annals |
REGION 1 |
BIO: |
Timeline: |
Although
widely considered the father of Roman literature, little is known about the works
of Ennius and even less is known about his life. It is said that he was born
in Rudiae (modern Italy) and served in the Second Punic War. Although he was
a prolific author, composing the Annals, (Rome’s first historical epic)
and other epic poems, only fragments of these remain extant. |
EARLY ROMAN LITERATURE |
FRONTO |
MAP: |
Name: Marcus Cornelius Fronto Date: 100 – 160 CE Works:
Letters |
REGION 3 |
BIO: |
Timeline: |
Fronto was a
Roman statesman born in Cirta (Numidia, located in northern Africa) whose
rhetorical and literary abilities earned him the nickname “Second Cicero.” He
was tutor and mentor to the future Roman emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius
Verus; his correspondence with them provides unique insight into the personal
lives of much of the Antonine dynasty. |
SILVER AGE LATIN |
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